MEDICAL MYCOLOGY GLOSSARY
ACTIDIONE - Trademark name for cycloheximide, a selective antifungal agent
AERIAL - mycelium: Hyphal units above the colony agar interface
ANAMORPH - A somatic or reproductive structure that originates without nuclear recombination (asexual reproduction). Cf. Teleomorph
ANTHROPOPHILIC - A fungus (dermatophyte) that preferentially grows on man rather than other animals or the soil
ARTHROCONIDIUM - (pl. arthroconidia) A thallic conidium released by the fragmentation or lysis of hypha. It is not notably larger than the hypha from which it was produced, and separation occurs at a septum
ARTHROSPORE - See arthroconidium
ASTEROID BODY -(Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) An eosinophilic substance which forms a covering of approximately 10 microns thick around a basophilic yeast especially in sporotrichosis
BASE - The junction of a bud and the mother cell of a yeast
BIOFILM – Microcolonies of organisms which adhere to a surface (catheter, implant, waterpipe, blood vessel) and which resist removal by fluid movement and have a decreased susceptibility to anti-microbials
BUD - A type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts
CAPSULE - A hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering around the cell body of certain yeasts (Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula) and some spores and conidia
CHLAMYDOSPORE - Thick-walled resistant resting spore, especially in Histoplasma capsulatum. See macroconidium
COENOCYTIC - Without septa
COLONIZATION - growth of an organism in a host without tissue invasion
COLUMELLA - A sterile invagination of a sporangium, as in the Zygomycetes
COMMENSALISM - A symbiotic relationship in which there is no damage to either participant
COMPLEMENT FIXATION - A serologic procedure to determine antibody to fungus infections. Cross reacts with other systemic fungi but is a quantitative test
CONIDIOGENOUS CELL - The cell that gives rise to a conidium
CONIDIUM (pl. conidia) - A reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction
CONIDIOPHORE - A specialized hypha that gives rise to, or bears a conidium
CYCLOHEXIMIDE - See Actidione
DERMATOMYCOSIS - An infection of hair, skin and nails caused by the keratinophilic fungi of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton which infect hair, skin and nails
DERMATOPHYTE - Infection of hair, skin and nails caused by fungi other than dermatophytes
DEMATIACEOUS - A fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall
DICHOTOMOUS - A type of branching of hyphae that is repetitious without pattern; the branches are approximately equal in size and equal the stem from which they originated
DIMORPHIC - Having two forms
ECHINULATE - Covered with delicate spines
ECOLOGY - The science of organisms as affected by the factors of their environment
ECTOENDOTHRIX - Arthroconidia formed on the outside and inside of a hair shaft
ECTOTHRIX - Forming a sheath of arthroconidia on the outside of a hair shaft. The cuticle of the hair is destroyed
EDENTULOUS - The absence of teeth
ENDOGENOUS - From within
ENDEMIC - A disease which occurs in a limited geographic area
ENDOSPORE - A spore formed within some other unit, such as in a spherule. (Typical of Coccidioidomycosis)
ENDOTHRIX - Arthroconidia formed inside a hair shaft. The cuticle of the hair remains intact
EXOGENOUS - From without. The source of most mycotic infections is exogenous, i.e. outside the body (the environment)
FLOCCOSE - Cottony or wooly
FOMITE - A substance other than food that may harbor and transmit infections organisms
FRUITING BODY - Reproductive structures of fungi. (Spores)
FUNGEMIA - Presence of fungi in the blood
GMS - Gomori methenamine-silver. An excellent stain for visualizing fungi. The cell wall stains black and the background is green. Advantage: stains all fungi. Disadvantage: the tissue reaction is not visible
GEOPHILIC - Soil-seeking, having a soil reservoir
GERM TUBE - Initial hypha from a sprouting conidia, spore or yeast
GLABROUS - Smooth
H & E - Hemotoxylin and Eosin. A stain used routinely for general pathology. Most fungi are visible, but not distinctive. Fungal walls usually stain blue or purple. Other cells stain pink. Advantage: the tissue reaction is visible
HYALO - Colorless; also hyaline
HYPHA (pl. hyphae) - A vegetative filament of a fungus
HYPHOMYCETE - An fungus that produces mycelium with or without discernible dark pigment in the cell walls. If the hypha is pigmented, it is called dematiaceous; if colorless, hyaline
IMMUNODIFFUSION - A serologic test to determine the presence of antibody by double diffusion precipitation in auger
INCIDENCE - The number of new cases of a disease occurring during a specific period
INCUBATION PERIOD - The time between an infectious agent entering the body and the onset of clinical symptoms
INDURATED - Hard
INTERCALARY - Formed within a hyphal unit
INVASIVE - The entrance and growth of an organism in tissue
LATEX AGGLUTINATION - A simple serologic procedure to detect antibody by the clumping of antigen coated particles
MACROCONIDIUM - The larger of two types of conidia produced in the same manner by the same fungus
MICROCONIDIUM (pl. microconidia) - The smaller of two types of conidia produced in the same manner by the same fungus
MOLD - See Mycelium
MURIFORM - Like a wall; multicellular, with transverse and longitudinal septations
MYCELIUM - The mass of hyphae making up a fungus colony
MYCOLOGY - The study of fungi
ORGANOTROPISM - The predilection of a fungus to invade a particular organ
PHAEO - Darkly pigmented
PREVALENCE - The total number of cases of a disease in existence at a certain time in a designated area
PROBE – A specific nucleic acid sequence (known) used to detect a complimentary sequence in an unknown fungus
PSEUDOHYPHA (pl. pseudohyphae) - A fragile string of cells that result from the budding of blastoconidia that have remained attached to each other. The septa separating the cells are complete and there is no cytoplasmic connection, as is found in most true septate hypha
RHIZOID - A root like structure. Used in the identification of some Zygomycetes
RESERVOIR - A permanent host or carrier from which infection is spread
SAPROBE - An organism which requires organic material as a source of energy
SAPROPHYTE - See Saprobe
SCLEROTIC BODY - (sclerotic cell). The tissue form (yeast-like) of most agents of chromomycosis. Dark brown, single or in short chains, occasionally septate, 5 - 15 microns in diameter
SENSITIVITY - The ability to detect all patients with a specific disease
SEPTUM (pl. septa) - A cross wall
SEROLOGY - The study of antigens or antibodies in peripheral blood to support, confirm or rule out certain diseases
SOURCE - The clinical specimen most likely to yield the etiologic agent. ALSO The ecologic niche or natural nidus of the etiolgic agent
SPECIFICITY - The capacity to identify a disease correctly
SPINOSE - Covered with small spines
SPORANGIOPHORE - A specialized hypha that gives rise to a sporangium
SPORANGIOSPORE - A reproductive unit formed in a sporangium
SPORANGIUM - A cell within which spores are borne by progressive cleavage
SPORE - A reproductive propagule produced internally by "free cell" formation, as in the ascomycete, i.e., complete spores formed all at once around the nuclei available or by "progressive cleavage," as in a sporangium
STOLON - Hypha from which rhizoids and sporangiophores are produced, as in the genus Rhizopus
SYNONYM - Another (especially a later or illegitimate) name for a species or taxonomic group
TELEOMORPH - The sexual state of a fungus
TERMINAL - Formed at the end of a structure
TINEA - Literally "moth". A clinical term meaning "ringworm"
THERMOTOLERANT - Ability to grow at high temperatures (usually above 42 C)
TUBERCULATE - Spines or finger-like projections on macroconidia, characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum
VESICLE - A swollen or bladder-like cell
VIRULENCE - Degree of pathogenicity; the disease producing capacity of an organism
YEAST - A unicellular fungus, usually round or ovoid, that reproduces by budding
ZOOPHILIC - Infecting lower animals rather than man
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